An Affiliate of the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

s of the Joint Meeting of the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 New Jersey Academy of Science and the Mid-Atlantic Chapter, Ecological Society of America Officers of The Academy President Paul A. X. Bologna, Ph.D. Past President Laura Lorentzen, Ph.D. Secretary Eric Iannacone, Ph.D. Treasurer Sonia Arora, Ph.D. Editor, The Bulletin Michael J. Kennish, Ph.D. Editors, The Newsletter Steven Moorman, Ph.D. Rebecca Lyddon Chair, Science Program Paul A. X. Bologna, Ph.D. Chair, Grant in Aid Program Laura Lorentzen, Ph.D. NEW JERSEY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE An affiliate of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Affiliated Societies American Association for the Advancement of Science American Association of Physics Teachers New Jersey Section American Cancer Society New Jersey Division American Chemical Society Morris County Section Ocean County Section Princeton Section Trenton Section American Littoral Society Archaeological Society of America Geological Association of New Jersey New Jersey Academy of Optometry New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology New Jersey Earth Science Teachers Association New Jersey Institute of Chemists New Jersey Neuropsychopharmacology Society New Jersey Psychological Association New Jersey Science Teachers Association New Jersey State Museum Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society Newark Chapter Society of American Foresters New Jersey Chapter Theobald Smith Society New Jersey Branch of the American Society for Microbiology Organizational Members Benefactors American Home Products Corporation Chemistry Council of New Jersey Merck Institute for Science Education Schering-Plough Sponsors American Cyanamid Company BASF Corporation Firmenich, Inc. Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc. International Specialty Products Johnson & Johnson Lucent Technologies Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation Public Service Electric & Gas Company The Warner-Lambert Foundation Members Allied-Signal, Inc. The Boc Group Colgate-Palmolive Company ICI Americas, Inc. Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory The Dow Chemical Co. — Union Carbide Tosco Refining Company Albert Eble, Ph.D. Organismic biology Arthur W. Edwards, Ph.D. History of science, science education, science and society Michael J. Kennish, Ph.D. Marine and estuarine sciences, and geology, geography, and meteorology Hsin-yi Lee, Ph.D. Cell and molecular biology, genetics Trevor Lipscombe, Ph.D. Astronomy Maghar S. Manhas, Ph.D. Chemistry and environmental science Donald E. Stearns, Ph.D. Ecology, evolution, and population biology Robert Vichnevetsky, Ph.D. Mathematics, computer science, and physics ASSOCIATE EDITORS The Bulletin is the official publication of the New Jersey Academy of Science. It is published twice yearly and is distributed to all members of the Academy. Instructions for individuals wishing to publish manuscripts in The Bulletin are printed on the inside back cover. The subscription rate for The Bulletin is US$80.00 per year for surface mail delivery within the United States and US$90.00 per year elsewhere. Back volumes are available at US$40.00 per issue. Subscriptions to The Bulletin should be addressed to the permanent mailing address of the Academy: New Jersey Academy of Science c/o Kean University NJ Center for Science, Technology & Mathematics (NJCSTM) 1000 Morris Ave. Union NJ 07083 Phone 908-737-7203 • Fax 908-737-7205 Website: www.njas.org Copyright © 2011 by the New Jersey Academy of Science ISSN: 0028-5455 THE BULLETIN New Jersey Academy of Science EDITOR: Michael J. Kennish, Ph.D.